GMS Interneer oil & gas equipment users in Thailand

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GMS Interneer Co., Ltd. is a solution provider, a representative, and a trusted partners to oil & gas equipment users in Thailand as well as world-class manufacturers worldwide.

Serving end users, we look for innovation and solutions from world class engineering Equipment Company to ensure the specific need is met. Partnering with worldwide manufacturers, we look for business opportunity by utilizing technical strong point of each product to complement and to enhance our customer production.

https://www.gmsthailand.com/


บริษัท จี เอ็ม เอส อินเทอร์เนียร์ จำกัด
อาคารซันทาวเวอร์สบี ชั้น 28 เลขที่ 123
ถนนวิภาวดีรังสิต แขวงจอมพล เขตจตุจักร
กรุงเทพ 10900

GMS Interneer Co.,Ltd.
28th Floor, No. 123 Suntowers Building B
Vibhavadi-Rangsit Road, Chompol,
Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900

Email : contact@gmsthailand.com
Tel : +66 (0)98 967 6383

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Using Cryogenic tank and maintenance

Liquefied gases are utilized in a variety of industries, including metal processing, medical technology, electronics, water treatment, energy production, and food processing. Today, an increasing number of these industrial gases are supplied to clients in liquid form at cryogenic temperatures, allowing them to be stored on-site for subsequent use.

Cryogenic tanks are used to keep cryogenic liquids safe. Cryogenic liquids are usually liquefied gases with temperatures of -150 °C or below. Oxygen, argon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium are all common byproducts. Cryogenic tanks may also be used to store liquified gases, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide. These are gas used in a variety of industries such as metal processing, medical technology, electronics, water treatment, energy production, and the food industry. Cryogenic liquids are also utilized in low temperature cooling applications such as engineering shrink fitting, food freezing, and bio-sample storage.

Cryogenic tanks are thermally insulated, usually with a vacuum jacket, and are developed and built to exacting standards in accordance with international design regulations. They may be stationary, mobile, or transportable.

Static cryogenic tanks are intended for use in a permanent position; however, transportable compact tanks placed on wheels for use in workshops and labs are included. Because static cryogenic tanks are usually classed as pressure vessels, new tanks and their related systems will be built and installed in compliance with the Pressure Equipment (Safety) Regulations. Non-pressurised open neck vessels (Dewar flasks) are also available for applications needing direct access to the liquid. To suit the varied needs of the users, the tanks are available in a variety of sizes, pressures, and flow rates. Tanks used to transport cryogenic liquids must conform with the Carriage of Dangerous Goods and Use of Transportable Pressure Equipment Regulations.

Cryogenic tank use, operation, and maintenance

Cryogenic Liquid Vacuum Storage Tank

Cryogenic tanks must be operated and maintained in accordance with all applicable laws, such as the Pressure Systems Safety Regulations for static tanks and the Carriage of Dangerous Goods and Use of Transportable Pressure Equipment Regulations for transportable tanks. Cryogenic tanks must be maintained and handled by qualified individuals.

The Regulations require cryogenic tanks to undergo regular inspection, routine maintenance, and periodic formal examination for static tanks. An inspection and maintenance schedule should be developed to guarantee that the tank is in safe working order  during official examination periods. This will comprise a Written Scheme of Examination to be developed by a competent person(s), as well as periodic formal exams to be held in line with the scheme.

Transportable tanks need periodic inspection and testing, which may only be performed by an Inspection Body authorized by the National Competent Authority, Department for Transport, in every country.

All inspections, exams, and tests are recorded, and records must be maintained throughout the tank's entire life.

Cryogenic tank users and owners have legal obligations and a duty of care to ensure that their equipment is maintained and operated safely. A gas provider will only fill a tank after determining that it is safe to do so. Routine safety checks must be performed by the user. A little amount of icing and ice may be seen while in use. Small amounts of ice should not be a reason for worry, but the amount of ice should be checked on a regular basis. If ice continues to accumulate, de-icing should be performed to avoid excessive ice accumulation

Repair and modification of cryogenic tanks

LNG Cryogenic Liquid Lorry Tanker

Any repair or modification to a cryogenic tank must be carried out exclusively by a qualified repairer in accordance with the design codes to which it was built, taking current rules and legislation into consideration. Such repairs or changes must not jeopardize the integrity of the structure or the functioning of any protective measures.  All repairs and changes must be recorded and maintained on file for the life of the tank.

Revalidation of cryogenic tanks
Cryogenic tanks must be evaluated on a regular basis to verify that they are safe for ongoing use. A Competent Person shall determine the revalidation period, which shall not exceed 20 years. Because of the nature of their function, mobile tanks should be rented for a shorter length of time. When a tank is revalidated, a report is generated that must be maintained alongside the tank data for the duration of the tank's life.

Cryogenic tank disposal
Because certain cryogenic tanks contain dangerous materials in their vacuum area, such as perlite, tanks should only be disposed of by a qualified and experienced disposal firm. As pressure equipment, all equipment must be made non-reusable.
https://www.gmsthailand.com/blog/using-cryogenic-tank-and-maintenance/

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What is the operation of a CHP power plant ?

Cogeneration is the simultaneous production of two or more types of energy from a single fuel source. It is also known as combined heat and power, distributed generation, or recycled energy. Cogeneration power plants are typically 50 to 70 percent more efficient than single-generation facilities. In practice, cogeneration is the utilization of what would otherwise be wasted heat (such as a manufacturing plant's exhaust) to generate extra energy advantage, such as heat or electricity for the building in which it is running. Cogeneration is beneficial to both the bottom line and the environment since recycling waste heat prevents other polluting fossil fuels from being burnt.

Although combined heat and power (CHP) technology is often referred to as cogeneration, there are significant distinctions. Cogeneration is the process by which a simple cycle gas turbine generates electricity and steam, as well as steam utilized in other processes such as drying. The steam, however, is not utilized to power a steam turbine.

CHP combined-cycle power plants may generate both electricity and usable heat energy from a single fuel. Thermal energy (steam or hot water) collected may be utilized for operations such as heating and cooling, as well as generating electricity for various industrial uses. CHP is used by manufacturers, municipalities, commercial buildings, and institutions such as universities, hospitals, and military sites to cut energy costs, improve power dependability, and minimize carbon emissions.

What is the process of cogeneration ?
A cogeneration plant is similar to a CHP plant in that it generates both electricity and heat. Cogen technology, on the other hand, differs from CHP in that it generates energy using a simple cycle gas turbine. The exhaust energy from the gas turbine is then utilized to generate steam. The steam is then utilized entirely in other processes, rather from being channeled to operate a steam turbine as in CHP.

What is the operation of a CHP power plant ?
A CHP power plant is a decentralized, energy-efficient way of producing heat and electricity. CHP plants may be installed in a single building or business, or they can provide electricity for a district or utility.

In CHP, a fuel is utilized to power the primary mover, which generates both electricity and heat. The heat is then utilized to bring water to a boil and create steam. Some of the steam is utilized to power a process, while the rest is used to power a steam turbine, which generates more power. In a cogen application, the steam is completely used in a process that generates no extra electricity.

Advantages of Combined Heat and Power
When compared to traditional energy generation, a CHP power plant may provide many benefits and advantages, including:
        - Greater efficiency: CHP generates both electricity and heat while using less fuel than conventional energy plants. Furthermore, it collects heat and steam to produce extra power, reducing the demand for fuel even further.

        - Lower emissions: Because CHP systems consume less fuel, they may decrease greenhouse gas emissions and other air pollutants.
        - Lower running expenses: The efficiency of CHP lowers down operating costs and may offer a hedge against rising energy prices.
       - Dependability: Because CHP is an onsite energy plant, it reduces dependence on the energy grid and may provide greater energy security and reliability of power generation even in the event of a catastrophe or grid interruption.
        - District heating: Cogeneration systems are used in district heating power plants to supply both energy and heating to local facilities and residences. Unused steam is channeled to generate extra electricity when a CHP system is utilized for district heating.
        - Industrial manufacturing: Industrial CHP plants enable businesses that use a lot of energy to generate their own steady supply of electricity while improving efficiency and lowering fuel usage. CHP systems may power a broad range of industrial and manufacturing operations while also producing usable energy such as high-pressure steam, process heat, mechanical energy, or electricity.
        - Commercial structures: From commercial office buildings and airports to casinos and hotels, CHP plants assist to provide clean, dependable electricity that helps fulfill baseload needs while lowering energy costs. Steam heats and cools the environment while also generating energy to power lights and electronics.
        - Institutions: Colleges and universities, hospitals, jails, military posts, and other institutions depend on CHP plants to fulfill their electrical and thermal energy requirements, as well as to improve power reliability. The CHP system may substantially reduce the costs and emissions associated with conventional forms of power generation.
        - Municipal applications: CHP is ideal for municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Anaerobic digestion generates biogas in these facilities, which may be used to power onsite generators.
       - Residential: CHP systems can power energy-intensive multifamily buildings or assist single-family houses fulfill their energy requirements.

CHP for big structures and infrastructures
combined heat and power generation (CHP) effectively contributes to the production of electricity for hospitals, airports, and other big institutions. CHP generating solutions not only help operators avoid substantial supply and distribution losses, but they also save 40% more fuel than separate generation and may help improve overall efficiency, profitability, and environmental responsibility. 
https://www.gmsthailand.com/blog/what-is-the-operation-of-a-chp-power-plant/

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Absorption Chiller

Absorption chillers, as opposed to traditional chillers, utilize waste heat from other processes or equipment to drive a thermodynamic process that enables water to be cooled and distributed for HVAC requirements. Water is typically combined with either ammonia or lithium bromide in lieu of traditional refrigerants, with lithium bromide being the more popular choice since it is non-toxic.

Important factors to consider while building an absorption chiller
Because absorption chillers do not use electric compressors, they may offer considerable cooling capacity to a facility while not contributing to peak energy demand. The most important factor to consider when evaluating the application of such a chiller is that they do need a substantial and constant supply of waste heat to operate. Although industrial manufacturing facilities are the most apparent choices, other locations like as university campuses, bigger hospital complexes, or large hotels may frequently benefit significantly from adding an absorption chiller.

The advantages of using absorption chillers
The primary refrigerants used in absorption chillers do not contribute to global warming or ozone depletion. An absorption chiller may help the facility save money on energy, hot water, heating, and cooling. The absence of compressors in the machine reduces noise and vibration in the building, resulting in a peaceful atmosphere with excellent dependability.
An absorption chiller is powered almost completely by heat that would otherwise be wasted. It does not need electricity to produce chilled water and heat. It will not be necessary to provide nearly as much capacity in an emergency backup power system.


The Science of Absorption Chilled Water

An absorption chiller has a condenser, generator, evaporator, absorber, and heat exchanger. The absorber initially holds lithium bromide solution. It will be forced via the heat exchanger into the generator tank on the chiller's top. The chiller's generator will utilize heat from the sun or hot water, steam, and flue gas from other systems. Heat separates lithium bromide and water. Water steadily evaporates and rises to the condenser, while lithium bromide sinks.

The lithium bromide will return to the absorber through a conduit. The vapor will next travel via a  cooling coil in the condenser.  Following this, the vapor is condensed to the condenser bottom.

The  water is then sent to the evaporator, where it  remove heat out of the chilled water and becomes the vapor.

When water evaporates, it takes away the heat. The vapor is then absorbed by lithium bromide solution in the absorber. The mixture flows through the heat exchanger and return to the generator.

An absorption chiller produces chilled water with little energy input. It will continue to remove heat from the building throughout the heating and cooling cycle.

More about the working concept
Firstly, a mixture of lithium bromide and water in the absorber is pumped through the heat exchanger to the generator

In order to separate the mixture in the generator, heat source from hot water, steam or flue gas will change water to vapor leaving the lithium bromide behind. Then, the vapor will flow into the condenser.

The lithium bromide won't be left as a waste. It will form as a liquid and sink to the bottom of the generator. After that, the lithium bromide liquid flows down to the absorber once more through the heat exchanger. This liquid will spray over the absorber, so it will absorb vapor in the absorber again.

Meanwhile, the vapor from the generator is condensing into a refrigerant in condenser . Because of that, it meets with a cooling coil, whose water from cooling tower flows inside to remove heat from the vapor.

Next, the refrigerant kept in a tray flow through a pipe to the evaporator. A fixed orifice controls the volume flow rate of refrigerant. Due to vacuum condition in the evaporator, the boiling temperature of water will be quite low.


Finally, the chilled water which carries all the unwanted heat from the building or any cooling process flows through the evaporator to extract the unwanted thermal energy by spraying refrigerant over the chilled water line a. Therefore, the chilled water temperature will be decreased from 12°C to 7°C and refrigerant vapor is moving to the absorber to be absorbed with absorbent agian.

Making the most of absorption chillers
While absorption chillers are superior to traditional cooling techniques in the areas we've previously discussed, appropriate and frequent maintenance is required for optimum operation. This is the only method to guarantee that the equipment lasts the whole 25 years. A chiller will perform flawlessly if personnel concentrate on the following areas of maintenance: controls, mechanical components, and heat transmission components. Here are a few examples of areas that need attention:
• Pump shaft seals- inspect for wear • Refrigerant leaks- the loss rate should not exceed 1%
• Heat transfer surfaces must be clean and free of sludge and scale.
• Heat exchanger tubes – cracking, pitting, and corrosion are not desired.
• Pump bearings – repair or cleaning may be required.

Choosing the Most Effective Absorption Chiller
Even if you follow all of the aforementioned maintenance methods, the equipment will degrade, and your maintenance expenses will rise. That might be the moment to update to a more contemporary, dependable, and efficient equipment. If the system is running at part load for extended periods of time, a chiller with excellent part load efficiency may be all that is required. It is also critical to properly size the chiller. A chiller that is too large for a given application would almost certainly run at a poor efficiency. If it is subjected to such pressures for a long period of time, it may develop severe issues. The chiller upgrade/selection process should be defined by a comprehensive study of operating requirements, facility type, and timeline.

Advantages of absorption chillers

It will also fit places where a peaceful atmosphere is a necessity — an absorption chiller is a silent, wear-free system owing to the absence of moving components — and requires little maintenance.

How to Install an Absorption Chiller
It is preferable to deal with a contractor that has expertise with complex systems such as absorption chillers. Experts can assist you in designing, building, and funding an absorption chiller system that makes financial sense for your business and has a solid, obvious route to generating a fair return on investment.
https://www.gmsthailand.com/blog/absorption-chiller/

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Basic concepts of air cooled condenser, design and trending market

Many plants are being compelled to convert existing power plants to closed-circuit cooling water systems or even dry cooling alternatives due to increasing environmental regulations and public pressure, rather than continuing to use once-through river or ocean cooling water. There just isn't enough water available in dry areas to meet the requirements of both power plants and people.

The astute developer may also choose dry cooling early in a project since it expands plant siting choices and may substantially speed up building permit clearance because water usage concerns are eliminated. Shortening a project timeline by even six months may radically alter the economics of a project and easily offset the higher capital cost of dry cooling solutions.

Basic Concepts of Air Cooled Condenser

       - ACC is a direct dry cooling system in which steam is condensed under vacuum within air cooled finned tubes.
       - The main components of an ACC are ducting (for steam transport), a finned tube heat exchanger, axial fans, motors, gear boxes, piping, and tanks (for condensate collection).
       - Ambient air travels over a finned tube heat exchanger utilizing a forced draft axial fan to condense the steam.

The main component of the ACC is the finned tube heat exchanger, which comes in many varieties:
       - Single Row Condenser (SRC)
       - Multi Row Condenser (MRC)

The basics of air-cooled condenser design

The direct dry cooling option condenses turbine exhaust steam within finned tubes that are externally cooled by ambient air rather than sea or river water, as in once-through water-cooled plants. There are two ways to circulate the ambient air for condensate cooling: utilize fans to move the air or take use of nature's draft.

The natural draft system employs the well-known hyperbolic tower, which may reach heights of more than 300 feet and is equipped with a series of heat exchangers. The second, more known design option is the air-cooled condenser, which employs motor-driven fans rather than relying on the natural buoyancy of heated air. Due to the enormous scale of hyperbolic towers, natural draft is a specialized application for tiny locations. As a result, about 90% of the world's dry-cooled power plants utilize an air-cooled condenser with mechanical draft.

The steam released from the turbine exhaust enters a steam distribution manifold situated on top of the ACC construction. The steam is then dispersed through the fin tube heat exchangers, which are placed in an A-shape arrangement in a "roof structure." Steam condenses within the tubes due to the cooling impact of ambient air pulled across the exterior finned surface of the tubes by the fans. The fans are placed at the bottom of the A-shape structure. Condensate drains from the fin tube heat exchangers into condensate manifolds and then to a condensate tank before being piped to the traditional feed heating plant or the boiler.

An ACC works under vacuum in the same way as a normal surface condenser does. Air and other non- condensable gases enter the steam via a variety of sources, including leakage through the system border and the steam turbine. Non-condensable gases are evacuated in a separate part of the ACC known as the "secondary" section, which is linked to vacuum pumps or air ejectors that exhaust the non-condensable gases to the atmosphere.

The main variation between ACC designs from various manufacturers is in the features of the heat exchanger and its finned tubes. There are two kinds of heat exchangers: single-row and multi-row. There are many arguments for and against each concept's benefits. In addition, the market offers three tube shapes: round, oval, and flat. The most advanced tubes are round and flat, and they work well in almost all situations.

Suppliers also differ in terms of fin form. In transitory circumstances, certain fin forms are less prone to fouling and mechanically more robust. Fins of the highest grade have a strong connection to the bare tube, ensuring a usable life expectancy similar to power plants.

The material used for the finned tubes is the last crucial design element. Aluminum fins brazed on flat bare tubes covered with aluminum, or oval galvanized finned tube bundles, are widely regarded as the two most dependable power plant technology.

If ACC is chosen, a plant site in China, as well as other places across the globe, does not need to be near a water supply. Instead, transmission lines and either gas distribution lines (for combined-cycle facilities) or rail lines may be optimized (for coal-fired plants). Solid fuel plants in China are often built near coal mines, which explains the country's current interest in air cooling. Finally, if a lake, river, or coastal plant location is not needed, the cost of property may be lowered.

The market is trending up.
Europe had a relatively limited market for big or medium power plants during the 1960s and 1990s. It instead depended on massive coal-fired power facilities and nuclear reactors. In contrast, because of the scarcity of water, dry-cooling designs have grown in favor in the Middle East, China, South Africa, and the United States (at coal mine locations, in desert environs, or for other similar reasons). After 1990, the global market for dry cooling started to boom, and it has more than doubled in the last 13 years.

Given China's massive electrical needs, the market for dry-cooling equipment is likely to remain busy in the near future. Reasonable growth is also anticipated in Europe, as several European Union nations rekindle their interest in controlling future water resources. In the foreseeable future, the Middle East (Emirate's region) and India will undoubtedly become two extremely significant markets. Since the middle of 2005, the market in the United States has grown steadily.
https://www.gmsthailand.com/blog/air-cooled-condenser-is/

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METROL SEA-CELL Electrochlorinator

Overview – METROL SEA-CELL Electrochlorinator
- Prevent organism growth in your seawater systems with sodium hypochlorate
Our METROL SEA-ELL electrochlorinator is a machine which helps prevent organism growth in seawater systems. Technically, the electrochlorinator generates sodium hypochlorite by using electricity to control biofilm efficiently. Not only large organisms but also small organisms can be aggregated on the equipment. This would reduce performance and increase lifespan of the system. Therefore, if the seawater is applied in any process, the electrochlorinator should be installed to hinder biofoulant.

The METROL SEA-CELL electrochlorinator offers increased run-times and efficient protection of seawater treatment equipment. Offshore uses range from oil and gas stations and ships to floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) facilities, meanwhile onshore uses include industrial and refinery cooling water.

- Flexible, modular design and controls
The SEA-ELL electrochlorinator is designed for standards and specific customer's requirements. Specially, the electrochlorinator can be used with automated chlorinator packages complete with detailed instrumentation and control features, which provide online availability and fail-safe operation.
Package ranges are also included from single-cell marine units to sophisticated units and hazardous area. Also, there are large-capacity units for power and industrial applications.

- Special Features :
           - Designed to operate at 145psi (10bar), tested to 220 psi [15.2 bar]; has withstood 580 psi [40 bar] during certification trials without leaks
           - Compact design reduces weight and space requirements.
           - Vertical orientation facilitates removal of hydrogen byproduct of the electrolytic process

Application of METROL SEA-CELL Electrochlorinator
The SEA-CELL electrochlorinator applies "Sodium hypochlorite" via electrolysis as an oxidizing biocide for biofoulant protection.
With reliable design and auto-cleaning generator, our METROL SEA-ELL electrochlorinator has an arrangement which encloses the anode-cathode bipolar plates within a leak-proof, integral housing. Compared to other cell designs, they will use the cathode or anode as the containment device for the process fluid. Since the plates are mounted inside a substantial polypropylene container, the SEA-CELL electrochlorinator can ensure leak-free operation even during anode-cathode failure. The design is guaranteed by ATEX certified and ingress protection (IP) 65 rated. Therefore, there is no need for an additional enclosure, and help installation in harsh marine environments.

Due to self-cleaning function, our METROL SEA-CELL electrochlorinator doesn't need to clean any acid. Instead, the cell plates are kept free of deposits and hydrogen is removed by optimizing fluid velocities.

During the process, the hypochlorite solution is in the tank under level control. After that, it will be pumped to the dosing point where the solution is released to the seawater system by multistage centrifugal dosing pumps.

Hypochlorite generation process
The hypochlorite generation process is involved with electrolysis of the sodium chloride in raw seawater. The solution flows between anodic and cathodic electrodes energized by the direct current. Then, the chemical reactions happen between the products of electrolysis.

Passing direct current through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride causes the chloride ions to migrate to the anode and sodium ions to migrate to the cathode, leading to the generation of chlorine at the anode and hydrogen plus sodium hydroxide at the cathode.

Hydroxyl ions migrate from the cathode area and react with sodium ions and chlorine dissolved in the seawater near the anode to produce sodium hypochlorite

Project Reference

https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/metrol-sea-cell-electrochlorinator/

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Sulfate Removal System – Effective treatment of seawater for injection

Increased technological and environmental demands are being placed on the oil and gas industry to find cost-effective methods to control scale formation apparent as a result of waterflood.

Overview – Sulfate Removal System
Prevent reservoir damage from sulfate introduction
There are two main problems that the sulfate removal system can solve. One is scale control and the other one is souring control. When sulfates run into the reservoir, the scale will be precipitated. After that, it will react with barium and strontium salts which are already in the formation.

Removing sulfate can reduce feed for existing sulfate-reducing bacteria in the formation. Hydrogen sulfide is the byproduct of bacteria' s consumption.To avoid damaging operation and corrosion, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) should be removed because it will decrease lifespan of the equipment.

Incorporate sulfate removal into a seawater process

After spending many years for deep understanding and experience of design and installation ,sulfate removal system has advantages beyond scales or hydrogen sulfide reduction.The removal system can be used with other technologies that we provide, such as the Polymem UF seawater ultrafiltration system. The entire process guarantee is also available rather than a guarantee for individual technologies.

ADVANTAGES
        - High-quality injection water
        - Avoidance of well workover
        - Reduced HSE hazards
        - Reduced need for biocides
        - Reduced scaling in piping and equipment
        - More effective squeeze treatments
        - Control of bacterial well souring
        - Lower operating costs
        - Increased productivity

Application of Sulfate Removal System
To help solve problems from the source, sulfate removal technology is one of the advanced technologies to enable productivity and lower costs. Before injection, removing sulfate can decrease barium and strontium sulfate scaling and prevent reservoir souring.

Since intending to solve problems sustainably, Schlumberger enhances membrane separation solutions for sulfate removal. Schlumberger develops not only stand-alone but also turnkey systems for any customer's requirements. Therefore, these solutions provide efficient technologies for
       - vertical production wells
       - gravel-pack wells
       - dilution water in HPHT environments
       - horizontal wells with subsea tiebacks
       - floating production systems
       - reservoir souring control.

One of sulfate reduction methods is Membrane separation. Plus, this method is very environmentally friendly. The low-sulfate seawater product is normally in the range of 40 mg/L and dependent on water temperature and other operating parameters.  The percentage of product from feedwater is 75%.

Project Reference

https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/sulfate-removal-system-effective-treatment-of-seawater-for-injection/

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NATCO ELECTRO-DYNAMIC DESALTER

The NATCO ELECTRO-YNAMIC DESALTER electrostatic desalting technology provides multiple phases of electrostatic mixing, coalescing, and settling in a single vessel, delivering nearly 100% salt and dehydration efficiency. The technology provides two-staged desalting efficiency without the excessive capital investments or space requirements common to conventional systems.

Comprising five proven Schlumberger process technologies, the NATCO ELECTRO-DYNAMIC DESALTER technology provides the refining industry with one of the first electrostatic desalting innovations in more than a decade.

Overview – NATCO ELECTRO-DYNAMIC DESALTER
Increase operating efficiency while reducing operational expenses
        - Under a variety of conditions, the NATCO ELECTRO-DYNAMIC DESALTER technology can
        - Retrofit your single-stage system to two-stage performance
        - Increase the levels of salt removal over any other single-vessel process
        - Double the salt removal capacity of two-stage systems
        - Reduce initial capital costs for new installations
        - Allow higher inlet water cuts during upset conditions while maintaining specified effluent requirements
        - Improve effluent water quality
        - Improve operational flexibility by handling a wide range of feedstocks
        - Decrease chemical consumption
        - Improve mixing efficiency
        - Reduce washwater requirements
        - Require less space
        - Provie improved dehydration capabilities.

Application of NATCO ELECTRO-DYNAMIC DESALTER
Five steps to successful desalting
        1. NATCO DUAL POLARITY electrostatic treater—applies a high-gradient, sustained DC field between pairs of electrodes while maintaining an AC field between the electrodes and oil/water interface
             - Results: significant improvements compared with AC dehydration
        2. Composite electrodes—obtains a progressive electrical field
             - Results: coalescence of the smallest of water droplets while eliminating sustained arcing due to highly conductive emulsions

        3. LRC-II smart interface—regulates the flow of electrical current and provides self-adjusting electrical power levels for optimized electrostatic coalescence
             - Results: optimal salt removal over a wide range of feed stock materials
        4. Countercurrent dilution water process—increases contact between dilution water, produced water, and particulate
             - Results: improved crude desalting using less washwater
        5. Electrodynamic mixing process—provides multistage contact
             - Results: near-100% mixing efficiencies while enabling reduced demulsifier chemical consumption
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/natco-electro-dynamic-desalter/

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NATCO DUAL POLARITY Electrostatic treater

The NATCO DUAL POLARITY Electrostatic treater employs AC and DC fields and incorporates a power units that have become an industry standard for reliability.

Overview – NATCO DUAL POLARITY Electrostatic treater
- More efficient dehydration and desalting at lower operating temperatures
The NATCO DUAL POLARITY electrostatic treater outperforms both mechanical and AC electrostatic treaters in upstream crude oil dehydration and desalting applications and as a first-step desalter in refining operations.

Using both AC and DC fields from a power unit that has become the benchmark for reliability in the industry, the NATCO DUAL POLARITY treater more efficiently coalesces water droplets, enabling it to run at higher throughputs than conventional electrostatic treaters. Other internal components, such as composite electrodes that resist solids loading and a high-flow distributor that improves vessel hydraulics, also support increased throughput while reducing maintenance and opex.

- Improved performance
NATCO LRC-II smart interface, an optional load-responsive controller, enhances emulsion resolution via voltage modulation. This enables you to operate at the optimal voltage for a variety of crude feedstocks while managing upsets more rapidly and effectively.

- Cost-effective treatment
The NATCO DUAL POLARITY treater handles a wider range of inlet water cut and provides higher treating capacities at lower operating temperatures, reducing capex and opex. The treater requires less washwater than an AC desalter because of improved mixing from electrophoretic movement of the water droplets in the electrostatic field. The treater can be delivered as a heater treater, providing heating and dehydration in a single vessel and eliminating the need for externally heated heat transfer fluid.

- Using AC and DC fields for more effective removal of formation water from crude oil
The NATCO DUAL POLARITY treater uses the extremely efficient HiFlo spreader to evenly distribute the incoming wet crude and create a uniform vertical flow upward through the treater. This method eliminates grid bypass and local recirculation areas.

The bulk water and larger water drops are coalesced and separated by gravity in the weaker AC field that exists between the grounded water phase and the electrodes. The stronger DC field between the electrodes causes rapid movement of the remaining small water droplets through electrophoretic attraction, causing the water droplets to collide, coalesce, and settle by gravity.

In desalter applications, washwater is added upstream of the mixing valve in the treater's inlet piping. Together with the electrophoretic movement of the water droplets, this provides a very high degree of mixing with the brine. Superior mixing and improved dehydration make the NATCO DUAL POLARITY treater much more effective than AC desalters of similar size.

Application of NATCO DUAL POLARITY Electrostatic treater
The treater's dual-olarity design enables it to split the voltage with rectifiers into positive and negative components. Pairs of vertical electrodes are charged in opposition. The oil-water emulsion from the distributor enters the DC field between electrodes, and the water droplets will accept the polarity of the closest electrode. Once the emulsified water droplets approach an electrode plate, they accept the charge of that plate. The water droplets are moved by electrophoretic force toward the electrode of opposite polarity, causing head-on collisions and coalescence. When the droplets are large enough, gravity will overcome the DC field, and the droplets will separate by gravity into the water phase.
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/natco-dual-polarity-electrostatic-treater/

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NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY Electrostatic treater

The patented NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY electrostatic treater uses a proprietary process controller,NATCO LRC-lI smart interface,and three-phase power unit to produce a customized electrostatic field that can be readily optimixed for any crude oil.The technology provides a nearly 100% process improvement compared with conventional electrostatic technology

Overview – NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY Electrostatic treater
- Dehydrate and desalt upstream crude oil processes
The NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY electrostatic treater uses both AC and DC power to provide significant process improvement, often more than 100%, over conventional AC electrostatic technologies. It uses our proprietary load-responsive controller—the NATCO LRC-II smart interface—and a three-phase high-requency power unit to generate a customized electrostatic field that can be optimized for any crude oil.

The treater can be delivered as a heater treater, providing heating and dehydration in a single vessel and eliminating the need for an externally heated heat transfer fluid. It can also be provided as a degassing treater, eliminating the need for a separate degasser.

- Treat cost effectively
The NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY treater reduces capex and opex through its higher treatment capacity, higher tolerance to wet crudes, and increased dehydration performance. Moreover, it allows reduced demulsifier dosage, less washwater usage, and a lower operating temperature.

- Improve performance with real-time control

The LRC-lI interface improves emulsion resolution via voltage modulation, enabling operation at the optimal voltage for multiple crude feedstocks, while managing upsets more rapidly and effectively. Parameter setup in the treater power unit can be updated from the LRC-II interface in real time while the unit is operating.

The HiFlo spreader improves vessel hydraulics and enhances performance to support higher process capacity.

- A two-pronged approach to remove formation water from crude oil
The NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY treater uses the extremely efficient HiFlo spreader to evenly distribute the incoming wet crude and create a uniform vertical flow upward through the treater. This method eliminates grid bypass and local recirculation areas.

The bulk water and larger water drops are coalesced and separated by gravity in the weaker AC field that exists between the grounded water phase and the electrodes. The stronger DC field between the electrodes causes rapid movement of the remaining small water droplets through electrophoretic attraction, causing the water droplets to collide, coalesce, grow, and separate by gravity.

In desalter applications, washwater is added upstream of the mixing valve in the treater's inlet piping. Together with the electrophoretic movement of the water droplets, this provides a very high degree of mixing with the brine. Superior mixing and improved dehydration make the NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY treater much more effective than conventional AC desalters of similar size.

Use of a high base frequency for the electrostatic field provides stronger electrostatic forces. Low-frequency amplitude modulation of the field improves conditions for water droplet coalescence, further enhancing dehydration and desalting efficiency.

We also retrofit existing AC treaters to improve their capacity and enable lower operating temperatures and emulsifier dosages.

- Boost your electrostatic treater
A high-efficiency power unit upgrades NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY units to improve facility opex by increasing treater reliability and simplifying maintenance.

With the new unit installed,
       - treaters operate at higher temperatures and with wider power variations.
       - new sensors monitor trends in the health of key components, enabling warnings before as well as during an upset condition.
       - unit maintenance can be performed without removing it or draining the oil.
       - an AgoraGateway ruggedized edge computing device enables optional remote, real-time health monitoring and life-of-asset collaboration.

Application of NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY Electrostatic treater
Three primary components are packaged in a single oil-filled enclosure. First is the power electronics, designed to produce a variable amplitude and variable frequency voltage field. For many field installations, this is a key feature of the technology, as it enables an optimization of the applied voltage. Second, the medium-frequency power unit provides for the increased secondary voltage known to promote effective coalescence. Third, the secondary voltage is rectified to produce electrophoretic movements of the water droplets, which improves both dehydration and desalting. A DC field is created between the electrodes, enabling droplet motion and efficient coalescence. Simultaneously, an AC field is created between the electrodes and the grounded water phase, enabling bulk water removal in the weaker AC field.

Traditional AC technologies typically experience rapid voltage decay or arcing when operated in very wet crude oil service. This decay reduces the effectiveness of the dehydration process by reducing the voltage lower than what is required for effective dehydration.

By applying a higher-frequency electrostatic field, the treater reduces this voltage decay and enables effective dehydration, thus overcoming the voltage decay experienced with conventional 50/60-Hz transformers. The specific oil and water properties, operating temperature, and formation solids all combine to create a unique emulsion that often can be very difficult to resolve. To break the emulsion, the patented NATCO DUAL FREQUENCY treater uses a microprocessor-based system that includes the LRC-II smart interface and defines the pattern and amplitude of the voltages that are applied to the electrodes. The proprietary LRC-II smart interface enables selection of the shape and amplitude of the voltage waveform to optimize coalescence of the water droplets, leading to an effective resolution of the emulsion and low water content in the treated crude.
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/natco-dual-frequency-electrostatic-treater/

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Advanced Media Polisher/ Oil-in-water polishing filters

The advanced media polisher oil-free water technology instantly and permanentsly removes or reduces oil ,suspended solids and highly emulsified oils from water. Built on this technology, the advanced Oil-in-water polishing filters provide enhanced stand-by protection against upset conditions and underperformance of conventional trearment equipment upstream for polisher. THe filter technology is a simple cartridge filtration system with a patented thin film polymer deposited on filter fibers that is a surfacd specific for hydrocarbons.

Overview – Advanced Media Polisher/ Oil-in-water polishing filters
- Achieve discharge levels under 1 ppm, even at high flow rates
Our advanced media polishers or Oil-in-water polishing filters provide enhanced standby protection against upset conditions and underperformance of conventional upstream treatment equipment. The polisher filter consists of a simple cartridge filtration system with a patented thin-film polymer, surface-specific for hydrocarbons, deposited on filter fibers.

These filters provide a higher flow capacity and smaller footprint than conventional tertiary treatment technology. They are used at many sites across the oil and gas industry for final treatment of water before discharge to offshore, nearshore, or inland bodies of water.

- Selective polishing compatible with CEOR that still treats droplets down to <1 um
The advanced media polisher also removes oil in the presences of water-soluble polymers used in chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) while still treating down to a droplet size that ensures no hydrocarbon sheen from the overboard discharge of produced water.

- Special features:
        - Removes free, dispersed, and emulsified oil down to <1-um droplet size
        - Occupies a small footprint in comparison with conventional technologies
        - Treats emulsions without the use of chemicals

Application of  Advanced Media Polisher/ Oil-in-water polishing filters
Instant polishing with thin-film coated media filtration
The polishing media removes oil and grease without desorption and with minimal to no saturation with water. Advanced media polishing filters are normally used to target oil droplets smaller than upstream equipment can handle (typically less than 10 um in diameter) with high efficiency.

Water passes through a standard series of three skid-mounted vessels housing consumable cartridge filters. Sized according to desired flow rate, each vessel can hold up to 210 filters that are 40 in long and have a diameter of 2.5 in. As the process stream passes through each vessel, oil droplets contact the filter surface and are instantly and permanently removed from the stream.
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/oil-in-water-polishing-filters/

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Advanced Regenerative Water Treatment Media

Advanced Regenerative Water Treatment Media instantly and permanently removes oil, suspended solids,and highly emulsified oils from water. Built on this technology, the advanced media is a proprietary back-washable system used in oily wastewater streams and produced and process water.Coated with proprietary technology patented polymer,the regenerative media provides an economically sustainably treatment for the removal of oils and suspended solids.

Overview – Advanced Regenerative Water Treatment Media
- 95% single-pass efficiency without chemicals
Advanced regenerative water treatment media is a proprietary, backwashable media used for produced water, oily wastewater streams, and process water. Coated with a patented polymer, the media economically removes oils and suspended solids down to 5 um with 95% single-pass effectiveness and without the use of chemicals.

This media can function as a primary or secondary treatment option for oil and solids removal. Influent water quality, discharge requirements, and the end use of the treated water dictate the treatment system design.

- Process and cost savings
For chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) applications, polymer- and chemical-laden water that has been treated with regenerative water treatment media can be recycled for reuse in the injection field and, in the case of polymer, with no viscosity loss across the system. Little if any of the the water-soluble enhanced oil recovery (EOR) products are caught while the media removes oils and solids. In thermal EOR, trapping the oil and solids before sending the produced water to a softener generates process and cost savings.

- Special features:
        - Removes oil, solids, and oil-coated solids down to 5 um in a single step, without additional chemicals for water separation
        - Treats CEOR produced water from polymer and alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) floods without absorbing the polymer
        - Has a long life cycle and low operating cost
        - Prevents process upsets and excursions with minimal impact on performance

Application of Advanced Regenerative Water Treatment Media
Simple backwashing process
Advanced regenerative water treatment media is used in conventional deep-bedded media filter vessels and the oil it traps is recovered through typical backwash techniques. The backwash removes contaminants by reversing the flow direction and fluidizing the packed bed, loosening the media and releasing both solids and oil droplets from the media.

When the proprietary regenerative water treatment media is backwashed, the effluent is typically captured in a static separation vessel. Free oil and solids are easily decanted from the surface for disposal or recovery. The remaining supernatant is used to backwash the filters during the next backwash cycle. Backwash is either manual or automatic depending on the system deployed.
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/advanced-regenerative-water-treatment-media/

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CYNARA Acid Gas Removal Membrane Systems

From the world's first commercial CO2 membrane plant for CO2 recovery in EOR appplications to the world's largest CO2 membrane plant for natural gas cleanup. Schlumberger continues to lead the industry with state-of-the-art CYNARA acid gas removal membrane systems

Overview – CYNARA Acid Gas Removal Membrane Systems

- CO2 and H2S removal with field-proven 99% operational uptime
CYNARA acid gas removal membrane systems efficiently and selectively permeate acid gases to separate them from produced gas streams that contain 5- to 95-mol% acid gas.

These systems are ideal for stand-alone bulk acid gas removal and the treatment of produced gas to meet pipeline transmission and natural gas heating specifications. They can provide permeate streams of more than 95% pure CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) injection applications. Used in a hybrid acid gas treatment train, they provide bulk separation of produced gas streams that are subsequently treated by an amine system or other separation technologies.

- Compact design eliminates liquid chemicals and improves logistics
The compact footprint of the membrane systems and their largely self-contained functionality make them well suited for offshore applications. There are no moving parts or chemical requirements because the systems work on the principle of diffusion and solubility-based separation.

In addition to eliminating the weight of liquid chemicals and the need for liquid recirculation equipment and associated maintenance, CYNARA systems eliminate the logistics associated with the transportation and storage of liquid amine chemicals onshore and offshore. The need to superheat gas streams containing >40% CO2 and related costs are also minimized because the membranes can efficiently handle condensing hydrocarbons.

- Options to optimize performance for different acid gas concentrations
Three membrane-based acid gas removal options are available.
            – CYNARA CLASSIC high-concentration acid gas removal membrane removes the highest levels of acid gas from produced gas streams.
            – CYNARA PN-1 dual-zoned acid gas removal membrane permeates the highest concentrations of inlet acid gas in Zone 1, directing lower concentrations of acid gas into Zone 2, and optimizing the treatment of produced gas streams with irregular levels of CO2 and H2S.]
            – CYNARA SEMPLE high-pressure, low-concentration acid gas removal membrane system is designed to treat high-pressure produced gas streams that have acid gas concentrations of less than 30%. This standardized, preengineered plug-and-play assembly, with its single-ended membrane configuration, enables smaller vessel housings with greater membrane surface area, lower equipment weight, and more compact skid size.

Application of CYNARA Acid Gas Removal Membrane Systems
Hollow-fiber membrane maximizes acid gas separation

CYNARA systems use tubular membrane elements that consist of a central steel tube surrounded by a sheet of asymmetric, hollow fibers made from cellulose triacetate polymer. Millions of these hollow fibers are combined to make a single element, which is housed in a case.

As the inlet natural gas stream is drawn through the membrane, small molecules such as CO2 and H2S in the gas stream permeate into the fibers much faster than the larger, more complex natural gas components (e.g., methane and higher hydrocarbons). The smaller molecules flow around the fibers into the central core. A low-pressure CO2-rich stream flows through the tube sheets and exits the element at both ends. The high-pressure natural gas product stream, with the bulk of the acid gas removed, exits through the core steel tube.
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/cynara-acid-gas-removal-membrane-system/

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Early Production Systems

Accelerate the time to first oil and gas
Begin production early while full field development is being planned and permanent facilities are being built. Early-production systems help operators bring their new discoveries onstream fast. Schlumberger has designed and installed modular, fit-for-purpose systems worldwide for more than 30 years and to date has completed approximately 70 projects.

Early production systems and fast-track schedules can create an early cash flow for operators with only a minimum cash outlay. They also provide real-time production data for appraising reservoir performance before more-expensive long-term facilities are installed. In addition, early production systems are ideal for small reserves that would be financially risky or uneconomical to produce with a permanent production facility.

Production services
An extensive range of production services is available, based on the early production system business model selected:
      - Fast-track early production and interim plants and systems
      - Hydrocarbon liquids recovery and dewpoint control plants
      - Gas storage leaching facilities
      - CO2 and H2S removal
      - Multiphase pumping
      - Optimization of existing production facilities *All necessary support systems (power generation, controls, monitoring and detection, and operation camps)

Flexible business models
Schlumberger offers a variety of commercial business models for early production systems that afford customers the flexibility to maximize their return on investment:
      - Build—Own—Operate (equipment rental plus operation)
      - Build—Own—Operate—Transfer (equipment rental plus operation with the option to purchase)'
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/early-production-systems/

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MYCELX Polisher Oil-In-Water Polishing Filter

MYCELX Polisher oil-in-water polishing filters provide enhanced standby protection against upset conditions and underperformance of conventional upstream treatment equipment.

Achieve oil-in-water discharge levels <1 ppm even at high flow rates
MYCELX Polisher oil-in-water polishing filters provide enhanced standby protection against upset conditions and underperformance of conventional upstream treatment equipment. The MYCELX Polisher filter technology consists of a simple cartridge filtration system with a patented thin film polymer deposited on filter fibers; the polymer is surface specific for hydrocarbons.

These filters provide a higher flow capacity and smaller footprint than conventional tertiary treatment technology. They are used on many sites across the oil and gas industry for final treatment of water before discharge to offshore, nearshore, or inland bodies of water.

Advantages
        - Removes free, dispersed, and emulsified oil down to <1-um droplet size
        - Occupies a small footprint in comparison with conventional technologies
        - Treats emulsions without the use of chemicals
        - Ensures no hydrocarbon sheen for overboard discharge of produced water
        - Removes oil in the presence of water-soluble polymers used in chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR)
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/mycelx-polisher-oil-in-water-polishing-filter/

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Displacer Type Liquid Level Switches

Displacer Type Liquid Level Switches offer the industrial user a wide choice of alarm and control configurations. Every unit utilizes a simple buoyancy principle and is well suited for simple or complex applications, such as foaming or surging liquids or agitated fluids, and usually costs less than other types of level switches.

Technology of Displacer Type Liquid Level Switches
Displacer Type Liquid Level Switches are based upon simple buoyancy, whereby a spring is loaded with weighted displacers which are heavier than the liquid. Immersion of the displacers in the liquid results in buoyancy force change, which moves the spring upward. Since the spring moves only when the level moves on a displacer, spring movement  is always a small fractionof the level travel between displacers. A magnetic sleeve is connected to the spring and operates within a non-magnetic barrier tube. Springmovement causes the magnetic sleeve to attract a pivoted magnet ƒ, actuating a switch mechanism ≈ located outside the barrier tube. Built-in limit stops prevent over stroking of the spring, under level surge conditions.

Features of Displacer Type Liquid Level Switches
       - Narrow or wide level ranges achieved through multiple switch mechanism capability.
       - Up to 4 set points and 3 switches.
       - Displacers adjustable at any point along the suspension cable.
       - 10 feet (3 meters) suspension cable standard.
       -  Anti-surge design eliminates the possibility of switch shortcycling.
       - Flanged or threaded mounting available.
       - Easy installation.
       - Field adjustable set point and switch differential.
       - NACE models.
       - Floating rooftop models.
       - Proof-er® ground check.
       - Choice of displacers: Porcelain, 316 Stainless steel, Karbate, Brass.
       - Choice of switch mechanisms: Dry contact,Pneumatic, Hermetically sealed.
       - Available housings: NEMA 1, carbon steel for pneumatics; TYPE 4X/7/9, Class I, Div. 1, Groups C & D, polymer coated aluminum; TYPE 4X/7/9,Class I, Div. 1, Group B, polymer coated aluminum.

Applications of Displacer Type Liquid Level Switches
       - Foaming or surging liquids
       - Agitated fluids
       - Sewage handling
       - Dirty liquids
       - Paints
       - Varnishes
       - Heavy oils
       - Liquids with solids
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/displacer-type-liquid-level-switches/

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Pneumatic Modulevel Liquid level control

Pneumatic Modulevel® Liquid level controls are displacement actuatedlevel sensors. They provide output signals in direct proportion to changes in liquid level.Simple, modular design and proven magnetic coupling make Modulevel controls versatile, highly stable, vibration resistant and adaptable to extremes of temperature and pressure.

Principle OF Pneumatic Modulevel Liquid level control
The key elements of the Pneumatic Modulevel Liquid level control are the magnetic coupling, which allows the controller to be mechanically isolated from the sealed  sensing unit; the range spring, which dampens the action of the displacer, and the control head, which provides a modulated pneumatic signal in direct proportion to the input from the vertical motion of the displacer.As the liquid level in the vessel increases or decreases, the buoyant displacer rises or falls.This motion, dampened by the action of the range spring to prevent response to the rapid fluctuations of turbulence, is mechanically coupled to an attractor ball, within an enclosed tube. A magnet encircling the tube follows the attractor ball, transferring the motion to a rotating cam,which in turn operates a flapper against a nozzle which increases or decreases the pressure within the pneumatic relay. The output pressure signal can be used in a variety of ways to operate a control valve or signal to alarms, indicators, process controls or other devices. With optional integral control, the pilot nozzle proportional signal is conditioned through an additional metering valve system, which will eliminate offset from the desired control point.

Features of Pneumatic Modulevel Liquid level control
       - Standard models handle service temperatures from -100°C to +370°C (-150°F to +700°F) and pressure to 294 bar (4265 PSIG).
       - Stable output signal is unaffected by surface turbulence.Prevents control valve "hunting" and extends valve life.
       - Controller head may be removed and bench calibrated without dismantling or even depressurizing the tank.
       - Accurate output signal provided over a wide specific gravity range.
       - 316 SS displacer and trim.
       - Easily field calibrated without moving tank liquid level, for reduced installation time and cost.
       - Controller head rotates 360°, simplifies pneumatic piping hookup.
       - Pilot relay provides a 4 to 1 amplification of pilot pressure signal to speed valve response.
       - Built-in visual level indicator is independent of air supply.
       - Optional pneumatic to current interface transducer for use in electronic control applications.
       - Optional proportional plus integral control.
       - Optional differential gap (on-off) control.
       - Optional Hi-Lo electronic alarm signal provides inexpensive backup alarm.

Applications of Pneumatic Modulevel Liquid level control
Pneumatic Modulevel® liquid level controls are widely used in utility power generation, chemical and petroleum processing operations, such as:
       - Steam generator feedwater
       - heater regulation
       - Fractionating column level transmitter
       - Ethanolamine level transmitter
       - Vent gas scrubber level control
       - Drip pot condensate level control
       - Flash tank level transmitter
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/pneumatic-modulevel-liquid-level-control/

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Boiler and Water Column Liquid Level Switch

C24, C25, Boiler and Water Column Liquid Level Switch are single or multi-switch units that offer versatility and reliable operation in a variety of applications. Available with up to three switch mechanisms for levelalarm, control, and shutdown functions, the boiler and water column controls are designed for use in steam boiler applications while the Models C24 & C25 are forgeneral industrial use.

Technology of Boiler and Water Column Liquid Level Switch
Boiler and Water Column Liquid Level Switch uses a long-lasting magnet. A permanent magnet➀is attached to a pivoted switch actuator and adjustment screw ➁. As the float ➂ rises following the liquid level, it raises the attraction sleeve ➃ into the field of the magnet,which then snaps against the non-magnetic enclosing tube ➄, actuating the switch ≈. The enclosing tube provides a static pressure boundary between the switch mechanism and the process.On a falling level, an inconel spring retracts the magnet, deactivating the switch.

Features of Boiler and Water Column Liquid Level Switch
       - Easy inspection of float chamber through removable head
       - Cast iron or fabricated steel float chambers
       - 316 and 316L stainless steel floats
       - Brass chamber liner standard in B24, B25 and W25 models
       - Right or left hand water column mounting
       - Try cock tappings and sight glass tappings available
       - Process temperatures up to +1000° F (+538° C)
       - Multiple switch capability
       - Working steam pressure to 600 pounds
       - Choice of switch mechanisms: Pneumatic Hermetically sealed Dry contact
       - Choice of switch mechanism enclosures: NEMA 1 carbon steel for pneumatic TYPE 4X/7/9 Class I, Div. 1, Groups C & D, polymer coated aluminum TYPE 4X/7/9 Class I, Div. 1, Group B, polymer coated aluminum
       - Optional high temperature insulation available.  See bulletin 41-106.

Application of Boiler and Water Column Liquid Level Switch
       - OCondensate receiver control
       - OFlash tank high level alarm
       - OWater tube boiler low water cutoff
       - OBoiler steam chest high level alarm
       - OBoiler feedwater pump control
       - ODay tanks
       - OBoiler low water cutoff
       - OHolding tanks
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/boiler-and-water-column-liquid-level-switch/

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Echotel Model 910 Ultrasonic Level Switch

Echotel Model 910 Level Switches utilize ultrasonic contact technology for measuring level in clean liquid applications. The dual conduit electronics houses an 8-amp DPDT gold flash relay that is field selectable for high or low level fail-safe applications. There are no moving parts that come in contact with the medium. The Echotel Model 910 is an integrally mounted system, comprised of surface mount electronics and a 316 stainless steel transducer.  Hazardous area location approvals are available from FM, CSA, and ATEX.

Technology of Echotel Model 910 Ultrasonic Level Switch
The Model 910 Level Switch uses ultrasonic energy to detect the presence or absence of liquid in a 316 stainless steel tip sensitive transducer gap. The basic principle behind ultrasonic contact technology is that high-frequency sound waves are easily transmitted across a transducer gap in the presence of a liquid medium, but are severely attenuated when the gap is dry. The Model 910 uses an ultrasonic frequency of 3 MHz to perform this liquid level measurement in a wide variety of process media and application conditions. The transducer uses a pair of piezoelectric crystals that are encapsulated in epoxy at the tip of the transducer. The crystals are made of a ceramic material, such as lead zirconate. The transmit crystal converts an electrical signal from the Model 910 electronics into an ultrasonic signal. When liquid is present in the gap, the receive crystal is able to sense the ultrasonic signal from the transmit crystal and convert it back to an electrical signal. This signal is sent to the electronics to indicate the presence of liquid in the transducer gap. When there is no liquid present, the ultrasonic signal is attenuated, and the receive crystal is not able to sense the sound waves from the transmit crystal.

Features of Echotel Model 910 Ultrasonic Level Switch
        - Measures level within 0.25″ (6 mm) from the end of the tip-sensitive transducer gap
        - 8-amp DPDT gold flash or 5-amp DPDT hermetically sealed relay
        - Surface mount conformal coated electronics
        - FM, CSA, and ATEX approved for hazardous locations
        - Variety of mounting options including NPT and BSP threaded, flanges and hygienic connections
        - No calibration required
        - 316 stainless steel transducer
        - Mounted horizontally or vertically
        - Compact dual conduit cast aluminum electronics housing
        - Two-year product warranty

Applications of  Echotel Model 910 Ultrasonic Level Switch
        - Seal Pot Level
        - Low Level Alarm
        - High Level Alarm
        - OEM/Skid Packages
        - Pump Protection
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/echotel-model-910-ultrasonic-level-switch/

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Echotel Model 940/941 Ultrasonic Level Switch

Echotel Model 940/941 Ultrasonic Level Switch is compact integral units that utilize pulsed signal technology to perform high or low level measurement in a wide variety of liquid applications. These switches feature a 316 stainless steel tip-sensitive transducer that is offered in a variety of NPT, flanged, and hygienic process connections. The compact electronics are completely encapsulated just above the process fitting.The Magnetrol® Model 940 offers a 1-amp SPDT relay output. The Model 941 has a mA current shift output.

Technology of Echotel Model 940/941 Ultrasonic Level Switch
Ultrasonic energy detects the presence or absence of liquid in a tip sensitive transducer gap. The principle behind contact ultrasonic technology is that high frequency sound waves are easily transmitted across a transducer gap in the presence of liquid, but are attenuated when the gap is dry.The transducer uses a pair of piezoelectric crystals that are encapsulated in epoxy at the tip of the transducer. The crystals are made of a ceramic material that vibrates at a given frequency when subjected to an applied voltage. The transmit crystal converts the applied voltage from the electronics into an ultrasonic signal. When liquid is present in the gap, the receive crystal is able to sense the ultrasonic signal from the transmit crystal and convert it back to an electrical signal. This signal is sent to the electronics to indicate the presence of liquid in the transducer gap. When there is no liquid present, the ultrasonic signal is attenuated and is not detected by the receive crystal.

Features of Echotel Model 940/941 Ultrasonic Level Switch
       - Pulsed electronics for excellent performance in difficult process conditions and superior immunity from sources of electromagnetic noise
       - Tip-sensitive transducer gap provides reliable operation by draining viscous liquids and shedding foam in turbulent applications
       - Safety Integrity Level (SIL) data (FMEDA analysis) is available. Model 940 is suitable for SIL 2 loops.Model 941 is suitable for SIL 1 loops.
       - Extremely compact unit is easily installed in areaswhere access space is limited
       - 1-amp SPDT relay output (940), or mA current shift (941) output
       - No calibration required

Applications of Echotel Model 940/941 Ultrasonic Level Switch
The Model 940/941 can be applied in a wide variety of high or low liquid level applications, pump protection,and fill line monitoring as shown in the diagram at the left. These compact units can also be installed in the interstitial space between two tank walls for fluid leak detection.Small size and simplicity of installation make these units ideal for OEM skids as a low cost, yet high performance level measurement solution. They are also the perfect replacement for older floats, conductivity switches, and tuning forks.
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/echotel-model-940-941-ultrasonic-level-switch/

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Echotel Model 335 Non-Contact Ultrasonic Transmitter

Echotel Model 335 is a high performance, non-contact ultrasonic transmitter for liquid level, volume, and open channel flow measurement. The extremely powerful and flexible software incorporated in the Echotel 335 results in virtually unsurpassed measurement performance. Advanced digital signal processing enables the 335 to perform in applications involving in-tank obstructions, light foam and agitation.

Technology of Echotel Model 335 Non-Contact Ultrasonic Transmitter
Non-contact ultrasonic level technology is a proven method for accurate liquid level measurement. This technology features the ability to measure the level or volume of the fluid without making physical contact withthe material. This is especially important in applications containing corrosive materials, suspended solids or coating media.The level measurement is made by emitting an ultrasonic pulse from the transducer and measuring the time required for the echo to reflect from the liquid surface and return to the transducer. The powerful electronics measure the time of the round trip pulse and, by knowing the speed of sound, calculates the distance. Since speed of sound is temperature dependent, the transducer also measures the temperature in the vessel to provide compensation for changing temperature. By inputting the type and geometry of the vessel, the intelligent electronics can calculate the liquid volume in the vessel. In a similar operation, the Model 335 can perform open channel flow measurement by converting the level reading into units of volume per time. Common tank shapes, flumes, and weirs are stored in the 335 software. A 32-point linearization table is also available for unusual tanks or primary flow elements.

Features of Echotel Model 335 Non-Contact Ultrasonic Transmitter
      - Custom graphics LCD display module with operational status icons.
      - Advanced digital signal processing assures reliable measurement in difficult applications
      - Dual function bar graph displays echo signal strength or tank level
      - 50 kHz transducer with 26 ft (8 meter) range
      - Narrow, 7-degree beam angle for excellent focus
      - 4–20 mA output and SPDT relay for level control, alarm, diagnostics or remote flow totalization
      - Fixed target suppression to eliminate interference from in-tank obstructions
      - Common tank shapes and 32-point linearization table for volume calculations
      - Extensive support of flume and weir calculations for open channel flow
      - Two totalizers for flow, one resettable, and one non-resettable
      - Temperature compensation over full range of transducer

Applications of Echotel Model 335 Non-Contact Ultrasonic Transmitter
      - Sump, well, tank and open channel measurement
      - Water and wastewater treatment facilities
      - General industrial applications
      - Chemical storage tanks
      - Vessels with highly viscous media
      - Paint, ink and solvent tanks
      - Food and beverage vessels
      - Batch and day tanks
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/echotel-model-335-non-contact-ultrasonic-transmitter/

[wm5398]

Eclipse Model 706 Wave Radar Level Transmitter

The Eclipse Model 706 Transmitter is loop-powered, 24 VDC level transmitter that is based upon the proven and accepted technology of Guided Wave Radar

Encompassing a number of significant engineering accomplishments, the Eclipse Model 706 Transmitter is designed to provide measurement performance well beyond that of many of the more traditional technologies.

Utilizing patented "diode switching" technology, along with the most comprehensive probe offering on the market, this single transmitter can be used in a wide variety of applications ranging from very light hydrocarbons to water-based media.The innovative angled, dual compartment enclosure is now a common sight in the industry. This enclosure, first brought to the industry by Magnetrol® in 1998, is angled to maximize ease of wiring, configuration, and viewing of the versatile graphic LCD display.

One universal Model 706 transmitter can be used and interchanged with all probe types, and offers enhanced reliability as it is certified for use in critical SIL 2 hardware safety loops. With the use of a unique adapter, the model706 transmitter can even operate with older Model 705 probes.The ECLIPSE Model 706 supports both the FDT/DTM and Enhanced DD (EDDL) standards, which allow viewing of valuable configuration and diagnostic information such as the echo curve in tools such as PACTware ™, AMS Device Manager, and various HART® Field Communicators

Technology of Eclipse Model 706 Wave Radar Level Transmitter
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
ECLIPSE Guided Wave Radar is based upon the technology of TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry). TDR utilizes pulses of electromagnetic energy transmitted down a wave guide (probe). When a pulse reaches a surface that has a higher dielectric constant than the air (εr = 1) in which it is traveling, a portion of the pulse is reflected. The transit time of the pulse is then measured via high speed timing circuitry that provides an accurate measure of the liquid (or solids) level. The amplitude of the reflection depends on the dielectric constant of the product. The higher thedielectric constant, the larger is the reflection.

INTERFACE MEASUREMENT
The ECLIPSE Model 706 is capable of measuring both an upper liquid level and an interface liquid level. As only a portion of the pulse is reflected from a low dielectric upper surface, some of the transmitted energy continues down the GWR probe through the upper liquid. The remaining initial pulse is again reflected when it reaches the higher dielectric lower liquid. It is required that the upper liquid has a dielectric constant less than 10, and the lower liquid has a dielectric constant greater than 15. A typical interface application would be oil over water, with the upper layer of oil being non-conductive (εr ≈ 2.0), and the lower layer of water being very conductive (εr ≈ 80). The thickness of the upper layer could be as small as 2″ (50 mm) while the maximum upper layer is limited to the length of the GWR probe.

Features of Eclipse Model 706 Wave Radar Level Transmitter
       - Multivariable, two-wire, 24 VDC loop-powered transmitter for level, interface, volume, or flow.
       - Unique adapter allows operation with Model 705 probes
       - Diode switching technology offers best-in-class signal strength and signal-to noise ratio (SNR) resulting in enhanced capability in difficult low dielectric applications.
       - Level measurement not affected by changing media characteristics.
       - No need to move levels for calibration.
       - Overfill Capable probes allow for "true level" measurement all the way up to the process seal, without the need for special algorithms.
       - 4-button keypad and graphic LCD display allow for convenient viewing of configuration parameters and echo curve.
       - Proactive diagnostics advise not only what is wrong, but also offer troubleshooting tips.
       - Nine common tank shapes for volumetric output.
       - 30-point custom strapping table for uncommonlyshaped tanks.
       - Two standard flumes and four standard weirs of various sizes for flow measurement.
       - Generic flow equation for non-standard channels.
       - 360° rotatable housing can be separated from probe without depressurizing the vessel.
       - Probe designs up to +850 °F/6250 psi (+450 °C/431 bar).
       - Saturated steam applications up to 3000 psi (207 bar),+800 °F (+425 °C) when installed in side-mounted chamber.
       - Cryogenic applications down to -320 °F (-196 °C).
       - Transmitter can be remote-mounted up to 12 feet (3.6 m) away from the probe.
       - SIL certification allows use in SIL 2/3 Loops
       - No moving parts.
       - FOUNDATION fieldbus™, PROFIBUS PA and Modbus digital outputs.
       - Lloyd's Register steam drum approval

Applications of Eclipse Model 706 Wave Radar Level Transmitter
MEDIA: Liquids, solids, or slurries; hydrocarbons to waterbased media (Dielectric Constant εr = 1.2–100)
VESSELS : Most process or storage vessels up to rated probe temperature and pressure.
CONDITIONS : All level measurement and control applications including process conditions exhibiting visible vapors, foam, surface agitation, bubbling or boiling, high fill/empty rates, low level and varying dielectric media or specific gravity
https://www.gmsthailand.com/product/eclipse-model-706-transmitter/